Women in Politics an Example by

Women in Politics The writing of this article is a collaborative effort and a model of teamwork among women and men. This century has brought more profound changes to womens lives than any previous period in human history. Women make up a majority of the electorate and will soon make up a majority of the workforce, even though most of our institutions, from parliament to big employers, have yet to adapt to this new reality. If current trend continues, women in 2010 will be: more numerous. Need essay sample on "Women in Politics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed So far women have failed to mobilize their new power at work as a consumer. We predict that women will become more prominent in mainstream politics. Women are a majority of the electorate, and they vote more than men. But they are not happy about how the parties treat them. Almost all the politicians who mentioned the idea that women may be joing power shrinking institutions were women local council members. According to studies women in local councils reported that they had difficulty getting their views reflected in legislation and that they generally felt less effective than did their male counterparts. A male political scientist who has been studying trends in womens entry into local politics since the 1960s explained: at a national level, women clearly are in positions of power and even though there are still problems, at least in terms of representation in the cabinet, in important committees, and in the ministries women have the influential positions. But in the municipalities, unless women are in majority which happens only very rarely, they have a hard time influencing decisions. It also is my perception that local governments are not as powerful as they once were and that in many municipalities private interests dominate. Reference: Jill M. Bystydzienski, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 Women in Electoral Politics

The History of Space Shuttle Challenger

The History of Space Shuttle Challenger Each year in January, NASA honors its lost astronauts in ceremonies marking the loss of space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, and the Apollo 1 spacecraft. The space shuttle  Challenger, which was first called STA-099, was built to serve as a test vehicle for NASAs shuttle program. It was named after the British Naval research vessel HMS Challenger, which  sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870s. The Apollo 17 lunar module also carried the name of Challenger. Space Shuttle Challenger Liftoff. This spacecraft was lost on January 28, 1986, when it exploded 73 seconds after takeoff. Seven crew members lost their lives. Public Domain, NASA In early 1979, NASA awarded space shuttle orbiter manufacturer Rockwell a contract to convert STA-099 to a space-rated orbiter, OV-099. It was completed and delivered in 1982, after construction and a year of intensive vibration and thermal testing, just as all its sister ships were when they were built. It was the second operational orbiter to become operational in the space program and had a promising future as a historic workhorse delivering crews and objects to space.   Challengers Flight History On April 4, 1983, Challenger launched on her maiden voyage for the STS-6 mission. During that time, the first spacewalk of the space shuttle program took place. The Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA), performed by astronauts Donald Peterson and Story Musgrave, lasted just over four hours. The mission also saw the deployment of the first satellite in the Tracking and Data Relay System constellation (TDRS). These satellites were designed for communications between Earth and space. The next numerical space shuttle mission for Challenger (though not in chronological order), STS-7, launched the first American woman, Sally Ride, into space. For the STS-8 launch, which actually occurred before STS-7, Challenger was the first orbiter to take off and land at night. Later, it was the first to carry two U.S. female astronauts on mission STS 41-G. It also made the first space shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center, concluding mission STS 41-B. Spacelabs 2 and 3 flew aboard the ship on missions STS 51-F and STS 51-B, as did the first German-dedicated Spacelab on STS 61-A. Challenger once carried a spacelab to orbit for astronauts to use for scientific missions. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC) Challengers Untimely End After nine successful missions, the Challenger launched on its final mission, STS-51L on January 28, 1986, with seven astronauts aboard. They were: Gregory Jarvis,  Christa McAuliffe,  Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka,  Judith Resnik,  Dick Scobee,  and Michael J. Smith. McAuliffe was to be the first teacher in space and had been selected from a field of educators from around the United States. She had planned a series of lessons to be conducted from space, broadcast to students throughout the U.S.   Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster STS-51L Pictures - LOX Tank Rupture. NASA Seventy-three seconds into the mission, the Challenger exploded, killing the entire crew. It was the first tragedy of the space shuttle program, followed in 2002 by the loss of the shuttle Columbia.  After a lengthy investigation, NASA concluded that the shuttle was destroyed when an O-ring on a solid rocket booster failed. The seal design was faulty, and the problem was made worse by unusually cold weather in Florida just prior to launch.  Booster rocket flames passed through the failed seal, and burned through the external fuel tank. That detached one of the supports that held the booster to the side of the tank. The booster broke loose and collided with the tank, piercing its side. Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuels from the tank and booster mixed and ignited, tearing  Challenger  apart.   A piece of the space shuttle Challenger that was recovered, being placed into its final resting place at Kennedy Space Center. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) Pieces of the shuttle fell into the ocean immediately following the breakup, including the crew cabin. It was one of the most graphic and publicly viewed disasters of the space program and was filmed from many different angles by NASA and observers. The space agency began recovery efforts almost immediately, using a fleet of submersibles and Coast Guard cutters. It took months to recover all the orbiter pieces and the remains of the crew.   In the wake of the disaster, NASA immediately halted all launches. The restrictions on flight lasted for two years, while the so-called Rogers Commission investigated all aspects of the disaster. Such intense inquiries are part of an accident involving spacecraft and it was important for the agency to understand exactly what happened and take steps to make sure such an accident didnt occur again.   Space Shuttle Challenger final crew. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) NASAs Return to Flight Once the problems that led to the Challengers destruction were understood and fixed, NASA resumed shuttle launches on September 29th, 1988. It was the seventh flight of the Discovery orbiter The two-year moratorium on launches put a number of missions back, including the launch and deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope. In addition, a fleet of classified satellites was also delayed. It also forced NASA and its contractors to redesign the solid rocket boosters so that they could be safely launched again.   The Challenger Legacy To memorialize the crew of the lost shuttle, the victims families established a series of science education facilities called the Challenger Centers. These are located  around the world and were designed as space education centers, in memory of the crew members, particularly Christa McAuliffe.   The crew has been remembered in movie dedications, their names have been used for craters on the Moon, mountains on Mars, a mountain range on Pluto, and schools, planetarium facilities  and even a stadium in Texas. Musicians, songwriters, and artists have dedicated works in their memories. The legacy of the shuttle and its lost crew will live on in peoples memory as a tribute to their sacrifice to advance space exploration. Fast Facts Space shuttle Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds into launch on January 28, 1986.Seven crew members were killed when the shuttle broke apart in an explosion.After a two-year delay, NASA resumed launches after an investigation found underlying problems for the agency to solve. Resources NASA, NASA, er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/explode.html.NASA, NASA, history.nasa.gov/sts51l.html.â€Å"The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster.†Ã‚  Space Safety Magazine, www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-disasters/challenger-disaster/. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Homework 3 in Excel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework 3 in Excel - Assignment Example It is not possible for the line to achieve the TAKT time of 1.2 minutes per part off line unless it is able to reduce the bottle neck time. It may require additional labor to work at the station or creating multiple lines to speed up the process. Both will assist in increasing the output to meet the TAKT time. T&D electric manufactures high-voltage switches and other equipment for electric utilities. One line that is staffed by three workers assembles a particular type of switch. Currently the threes workers have fixed assignments; each worker fastens a specific set of components on the switch and passes it downstream on a rolling conveyor. The conveyor has capacity to allow a queue to build up in front of each worker. The bottleneck is the middle station with a rate of 11 switches per hour. The raw processing time is 15 minutes. To improve efficiency of the line, management is considering cross-training the workers and implementing some form of flexible labor system. Floor-On, Ltd., operates a line that produces self-adhesive tiles. This line consists of single-machine stations and is almost balanced (i.e., station rates are nearly equal). A manufacturing engineer has estimated the bottleneck rate to be 2200 cases per 16-hour day and the raw process time to be 30 minutes. The line has averaged 1,500 cases per day, and cycle time has averaged 5 hours. d) If after process improvements the ten machines that required ten workers to run them are no longer needed. Instead five workers are now needed what would you do with the remainder of workers not working on that line anymore? (And please don’t fire them) (1